Facial ageing is believed to be caused by intrinsic (genetic) and extrinsic (environmental) factors, including sun exposure, pollution, smoking, diet and general lifestyle elements.1 Ageing may also be defined as a complex process brought about by cultural and societal factors reflecting biological, environmental and genetic influences.2 Cutaneous changes include wrinkles, pigmentation and loss of elasticity, which often vary according to ethnic origin.2 Pollution may also play a role.3
Rejuvenation treatments include any injectables or skin intervention that makes the face appear younger.4 When considering a patient for facial rejuvenation, it is important to focus on facial harmony and realistic aims and outcomes.5 There is significant evidence to support implementing different methods to effectively rejuvenate the face in a variety of ways, and that combining two therapies together…
