Title: Differences in Antibody Responses of Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A
Authors: Yuttana Srinoulprasert, et al.
Published: Dermatol Ther (Heidelb), September 2025
Keywords: Botulinum toxin type A, Complexing protein, Route of injection
This pilot study evaluated antibody responses following intradermal versus intramuscular injection of six BoNT/A formulations: incobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA1, letibotulinumtoxinA2, and prabotulinumtoxinA. A total of 120 subjects were divided into intradermal and intramuscular groups, with equal distribution across toxin types. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA to quantify human IgG (hIgG) targeting whole BoNT/A molecules, functional domains, and complexing proteins. Intradermal injections consistently induced higher BoNT/A-specific hIgG levels than…
