Miss Jenny Doyle, Miss Aaminah Haq and Dr Arshi Baig analyse current literature on rejuvenating the skin using botulinum toxin.
The uptake of non-surgical methods, such as botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), dermal filler and laser to achieve facial rejuvenation, is growing rapidly. At present, non-surgical options account for 90% of procedures and 75% of the market value.1 BoNT-A is the most popular treatment of choice, with the use increasing by more than 1100% between 2000 and 2023.2,3
BoNT-A was approved for aesthetic use treating dynamic facial rhytids, via intramuscular injection, in 2002 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).4 It can be used off-label for a variety of other treatment indications, with a growing body of research supporting these uses.5
Intradermal use of BoNT-A is becoming increasingly popular due to its positive effects on skin rejuvenation, texture and hydration.6 The dilution for intradermal use is significantly higher than that employed for intramuscular uses, providing a new…
