Loss of facial contour and ageing is influenced by a number of factors. These factors include bony resorption, involution of the deep fat compartment, and hypertrophy of the superficial fat compartment.1 However, alterations in facial muscle length and lever arms also affect contour changes in the face, including the lower third.2 The defining features of the lower third of the face include a welldefined mandibular line, which is a key feature in youth, and a posterior balanced facial width which is impacted by the masseter muscle, in addition to the soft tissue position and thickness.3
Ageing leads to the jawline becoming less defined, contributed to by the depressor muscles, which pull on the skin, the ligamentous attachments, in addition to the fat compartments of the lower third of the face in a downward vector.3
Myomodulation, the mechanism/s of how injecting HA facial filler adjacent to mimetic muscle/s to influence the muscle/s activity, and/ or neuromodulation, can influence the behaviour of the facial…
